Technological advancements near the turn of the past century led to widespread use of genetic tools in wildlife studies, namely DNA microsatellites, that could be used to more accurately determine the parents of offspring. These assumptions were based upon a few observational studies of whitetail behavior and on studies of male reproductive patterns in somewhat similar species, such as red deer. Whitetail researchers believed for a long time that breeding was limited to a small group of prime-aged (4.5 years old and older) bucks that had large antlers and big bodies. In other words, it’s predicated on the assumption that we can look at a buck and use a set of visual clues, such as age, antler size, body size and behavior to determine the likelihood and level that he will participate in breeding. The use of selective harvest for the purpose of improving herd genetics requires an understanding of the factors that determine if and how much a buck will breed, and that a buck’s potential reproductive contributions to the herd can be accurately predicted. If a mature buck’s rack is smaller than average, should you shoot him to help herd genetics? Auburn University’s groundbreaking study collected DNA samples and physical measurements of antlers and body size for bucks. Some intensively managed properties actually take selective harvest a step further by protecting a select group of “breeder” bucks with the most desirable antlers so that these prime bucks get plenty of chances to reproduce. The idea here is that removing these inferior bucks will prevent them from breeding and allow bucks with more desirable antler growth to make greater genetic contributions. Most often, these selective harvest practices target “cull bucks” that are thought to have smaller than average or malformed antlers. The hunter’s ultimate decision is based upon a multitude of factors however, individuals hunting on private land often selectively harvest male deer with the management of herd genetics in mind. Whitetail hunters across the country are frequently faced with scenarios similar to the one just described, where they must quickly use a set of visual clues about a particular buck to decide whether to shoot him or pass him up. As you reflect on the hunt, you can’t help but ask yourself, “What effect does removing these bucks really have on the antler growth of future generations of deer?” Although this buck was not quite what you were after, you are congratulated by other hunters for doing your part in herd management by culling this inferior-antlered buck. You quickly place the crosshairs on the brute and pull the trigger, dropping the buck where he stands. The evidence is indisputable to you that this is a prime candidate of a cull buck, and you decide to take him before he has a chance to pass on those genes for bad antlers. This particular old buck has a wide spread but only 4 antler points, and he certainly has his mind on breeding as he chases does in all directions. D+DH Exclusive! Auburn University Deer Lab Research The management plan for this property requires that a buck must have at least 8 points to be harvested as a trophy however, the rules also allow for certain mature bucks with smaller antlers to be removed, or culled, from the herd. Through the scope you can see that it is in fact a mature buck however, his rack does not quite meet your standards to be considered a trophy shooter. As the light begins to fade, you notice what you think is a nice buck stepping out on the far end of the plot. Just upwind of you is a lush food plot that is beginning to fill up with does, and you’re certain that the old bucks are going to be close behind on this perfect day. It’s a calm, cold winter afternoon just before dark and you’re in the stand, sitting exactly where you want to be during the peak of the whitetail rut.
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